5 Feb: The Studio Run By The Stars
United Artists, a new company formed by Charlie Chaplin, Mary Pickford, Douglas Fairbanks and D. W. Griffith – four of the most powerful figures in early cinema – was announced on 5th February 1919. The movie trade press quickly labelled it a ‘rebellion’ against the mainstream studios.
Declaring their new enterprise would exist to “protect the industry from itself”, the Hollywood quartet took aim at an industry that depended on long contracts, vertical integration and strict talent control. They hoped to see a greater degree of creative autonomy and financial reward, but perhaps underestimated the difficulty of running a distribution company and the risks the studio system itself had absorbed. Existing contracts delayed releases, investors were wary, and the promise of artistic freedom collided with the realities of inconsistent output, experimental failure and changing technology, including the arrival of sound.
In this episode, Arion, Rebecca and Olly consider UA’s eerily prescient ambition to counter ‘machine-made entertainment’; discover how an experience selling war bonds helped inspire the idea for the studio; and explain why, despite their success, the studio still missed out on ‘Gone With The Wind’…
Further Reading:
• ‘United Artists: The studio that challenged and revolutionised Hollywood’ (Far Out, 2021):
https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/united-artists-studio-revolutionised-hollywood/
• ‘Artists Unite Against the Studios’ (Celebrate California): https://celebratecalifornia.library.ca.gov/february-5-1919-artists-unite-against-the-studios-2/
• ‘Chaplin, Fairbanks, Pickford & Griffith Signing United Artists Contract’ (1919): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yEBZU_KHSM0
#Hollywood #1910s #Business #Film